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EVENTS
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School Choice National Conference: Freedom in Education
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19 DECEMBER 2014 // INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, DELHI
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School
Choice National Conference (SCNC) is an annual event that provides a
much needed platform to identify critical issues in the education
sector, review existing programs, explore strategies to face the
challenges ahead and ideate on ingenious solutions to provide quality
education to all children in India.
For more information, contact Rohan Joshi; M: +91-96501 27755; E: [email protected]
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Click here to register |
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RESEARCH, REPORTS AND PAPERS
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How Much Does India Spend Per Student on Elementary Education?
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ACCOUNTABILITY INITIATIVE // OCTOBER 2014
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Recent
years have seen significant changes in the landscape of elementary
education (EE) in India. Yet, updated estimates on public and private
expenditure on EE are not available. This paper fills the gap by
providing a methodology and estimates of per student public expenditure
on children enrolled in government schools, and per student private
expenditure on children enrolled in private unaided schools, for major
states in India for the year 2011-12. The paper also provides estimates
of total (public and private) expenditure on EE. Our findings indicate
that India spent 1.75% of the GDP (centre and states combined) on EE,
while private expenditure was at least 0.71% of the GDP in 2011-12.
Richer states spent less on EE as a % of their GDP but more in terms of
absolute amounts, compared to the poorer states. Preliminary analysis
indicates a strong relationship between per student public expenditure
and learning levels. But this does not mean that more expenditure is
needed to improve learning levels because government expenditure on EE
is highly inefficient. It produces low levels of outcomes at high
expenditure. Changing this requires prioritising learning outcomes and
demanding accountability toward learning outcomes from all officials,
above everything else.
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FULL STORY >>
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Private Schools for the Poor
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ENDEVA // APRIL 2014
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Throughout
the developing world, private schools have stepped up to the challenge
of providing low-cost basic education for the poor. Millions of
children don’t have access to quality education, and private schools
are making strides to close that gap. To date, however, private schools
are held back by a litany of challenges, above all access to finance
and inhibiting regulations. This paper, part of Endeva’s “Next
Endeavour” series, describes the nascent inclusive business ecosystem
surrounding private education and how different actors support these
businesses. The paper identifies opportunities for more action to
unleash their potential.
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FULL STORY >>
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Low Cost Private Schools for the Poor: What Public Policy is Appropriate?
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STEPHEN P. HEYNEMAN, JONATHAN M.B. STERN // MARCH 2013
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Recent
attention has focused on the existence of non-government schools that
cater to children from low-income families. These schools can now be
found in the majority of developing countries, many of which have a
prescribed public policy to provide free public education. This raises
the question, why would a low-income family choose to send a child to a
fee-paying school if a place in a free school were available? This
paper will report on case studies of low-fee schools in Jamaica, Kenya,
Tanzania, Ghana, Indonesia and Pakistan and will assess the reasons for
their increased demand. In the past, some have argued that development
assistance agencies should limit assistance to public school sector.
Others have argued that the public sector is inadequate and in many
ways has failed in its ambitions to provide a minimum quality for every
child.
This paper will consider what public policy should be toward low-cost
private schools, including the policy of development assistance
agencies which seek to assist low and middle income countries as well
as the appropriate public policy for national and local
governments.
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FULL STORY >>
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How Responsive is Investment in Schooling to Changes in Redistributive Policies and in Returns?
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RAN ABRAMITZKY & VICTOR LAVY // JULY 2014
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This
paper uses an unusual pay reform to test the responsiveness of
investment in schooling to changes in redistribution schemes that
increase the rate of return to education. We exploit an episode where
different Israeli kibbutzim shifted from equal sharing to
productivity-based wages in different years and find that students in
kibbutzim that reformed earlier invested more in high school education
and, in the long run, also in post-secondary schooling. We further show
that the effect is mainly driven by students in kibbutzim that reformed
to a larger degree. Our findings support the prediction that education
is highly responsive to changes in the redistribution policy.
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FULL STORY >>
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Challenges to School Edupreneurs in the Existing Policy Environment: Case Study of Delhi and Gujarat
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MERIL ANTONY // OCTOBER 2014
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The
Indian education ecosystem today consists of the government, private
sector, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that have helped
provide education to millions of children. The enactment of the Right
of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (RTE), in 2009 should
have enhanced private sector participation manifold. However, given the
current legal framework, the environment is not conducive for the entry
and sustenance of private players. Given this context, this paper seeks
to examine the current legislative framework in Delhi and Gujarat,
which is acting as a bottleneck for edupreneurs to enter the education
sector.
The
first section of the paper consists of a brief literature review on the
current role of government and private sector in providing education in
India. The second section elaborates on the current legislation in the
National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi and the state of Gujarat. The
third section enumerates the licenses and documents required to open a
school and to obtain a Certificate of Recognition in Delhi and Gujarat.
The final section contains the conclusion based on the research
conducted.
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FULL STORY >>
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Analysis of School Fee Regulation in India
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SAJAD SANTHOSH // OCTOBER 2014
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India’s
government schools are often mistaken to be the only option for
children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Private school enrollment has
been increasing at rates comparable to government schools even after
the government started implementing its flagship program, Sarva Shiksha
Abhiyan for universalising education. The percentage of children in the
6-14 years age group in rural India enrolled in private schools
increased from 18.7 percent in 2006 to 29 percent in 2013 (Annual
Status of Education Report 2014). The figures for urban India were
estimated to be around 58 percent in 2005 by the Indian Human
Development Survey and could only have increased (Muralidharan, A
Renewed Model of Education 2014). This is a clear indicator that
parents prefer private schools, if they can afford it. It may also be
noted that the number of private schools which charge very low fees and
function in low income areas have been identified to be on the
increase, in response to this demand (Baird 2009).
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FULL STORY >>
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Classroom Divisions
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THE ECONOMIST // FEBRUARY 2014
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There
an scarcely be two words in Kenya that cause more resentment than
“school fees”. It is now more than ten years since charges for state
primary schools in east Africa's biggest economy were abolished by law.
Yet it is an open secret that education is not truly free. In fact,
fees are rising. Dorcas Mutoku, a policeman's wife whose two sons
attend a public primary school in the capital, Nairobi, has found that
levies have simply been renamed. She has to find the equivalent of $35
for a one-off “signing-on” fee, and pay almost as much again for
admission fees. End-of-term exams, uniforms and books cost at least
another $10 per child.
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FULL STORY >>
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